Depression

Depression is more than feeling sad. It is a serious mood disorder that affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities. It can range from mild persistent sadness to severe episodes that impair functioning.

Prevalence

Approximately 21 million US adults — 8.4% of the population — have at least one major depressive episode per year.

Symptoms of Depression

• Persistent sad or empty mood
• Loss of interest in activities
• Significant weight changes
• Insomnia or sleeping too much
• Fatigue and low energy
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Difficulty thinking or concentrating
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Types of Depression

• Major Depressive Disorder
• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
• Postpartum Depression
• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
• Bipolar Depression
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Evidence-Based Treatment Options

• Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy)
• Antidepressant medications (SSRIs, SNRIs)
• TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)
• Ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression
• Exercise and lifestyle changes
• Social support networks

When to Seek Help

If you have had symptoms for two or more weeks, have thoughts of self-harm, or depression is interfering with work, relationships, or daily tasks, seek professional help immediately.

Recovery Outlook

Depression is one of the most treatable mental health conditions. 80–90% of people with depression respond well to treatment.